China, falling raw materials and petroprecios are some of the challenges, according to economists; the rupture of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia can also affect the global economy.
The specter of a crisis similar to 2008 threat in this beginning of the year with the decline of the Chinese economy, dragging emerging, the deflationary crisis, regional conflicts or financial bubbles.
This is a summary of the risk factors that weigh on 2016:
Brutal landing of China
The Chinese stock market crash makes fear a brutal landing for an economy that was one of the main engines of global growth over the past 10 years.
"The growth of China's old industrial economy is almost close to zero. And is in a position of hard landing (hard landing), "said AFP, Olivier Garnier, an economist at financial services company Societe Generale chief, but believes that the service sector still sustains the economy of China.
Not only affected the stock markets. They also suffer the economies of trading partners of China.
In the United States, for example, "the markets anticipate the effects of Chinese slowdown in US economic activity, as the brutal fall in financial wealth is a risk that weighs on household consumption," explains Xavier Ragot, President OFCE (French Economic Observatory).
In Europe, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange was the most suffered the Chinese stock market crash, as Germany is the European country most dependent on exports to China.
Falling commodity
China has been in the last decade the economic locomotive for emerging countries thanks to strong demand for raw materials. But these prices began to fall in 2014 as the Asian giant showed signs of slowdown in industrial activity.
The collapse of the Chinese stock market complicates things. And some emerging countries, such as Brazil, are caught between low income and rising interest rates in the United States, which encourages capital outflows.
Sinking oil
Chinese economic slowdown, reducing energy demand, also it contributes to the fall in oil prices. Before the brutal collapse in prices, producing countries are increasing public deficit.
"To maintain social peace and arms expenditures, these countries can not reduce their public expenditure. It is a source of risk," said Garnier.
A deflationary crises
The fall in oil prices in turn generates a deflationary risk in importing countries. "The prices of raw materials fall, the activity falls. There is a very strong deflationary risk," he noted for its Ragot side.
Debt
Some experts refer to the risk of a bubble in the bond markets. With low interest rates in Europe and the United States, money has flocked to emerging markets, which offer better returns.
But due to new uncertainties in emerging and rising rates in the United States, these countries capitals leave developing economy, difficult financing conditions thereof. The lack of confidence in emerging can shoot their 'risk premium in the bond market and aggravate its public debt, the expert adds.
Regional conflicts
Finally, the proliferation of geopolitical tensions is a threat to the world economy.
The rupture of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia or hydrogen bomb test by North Korea "are factors of uncertainty," says Ragot. "There is a risk and a negative impact on investment," note
Source: AFP.